With every ignition of the air/fuel mixture in a cylinder, the resulting combustion creates a powerful torque spike that is transmitted to the crankshaft through the piston and rod. This torque spike is strong enough to not only rotate the crankshaft, but also deform it and cause it to rebound. This deformation is referred to as torsional vibration. When these forces align with the natural frequency, they can cause harmful torsional harmonic vibrations that can damage the bearings and the crankshaft. To prevent this, dampers are specifically engineered to regulate these destructive vibrations.
Harmonic vibrations are a common occurrence throughout the operating range of an engine. However, standard rubber and elastomer dampers are "tuned absorbers" that only work at one critical frequency. This means that if the mass of the engine's pistons, rods, or crankshaft is changed, the damper is no longer tuned to the new frequency and can cause expensive engine failure. Additionally, dampers generate heat during operation which can deteriorate rubber and lead to damper failure and potential breakage of engine components.
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